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Jumat, 04 Mei 2012 @ 06.20 Nama: Raymond Nourmanda Kelas : 1ea21 (pengulangan)/3ea12 npm : 11209118 mata kuliah : bahasa inggris 2 (softskill) Conjunction/Connector atau kata penghubung adalah kata yang menghubungkan kelompok kata atau unsur yang sama di sebuah kalimat. Ada beberapa kata penghubung yaitu : coordinate conjuctions, correlative conjunctions, conjuctive adverbs, transition expression dan subordinate conjunctions. Coordinate Conjunctions . Kata penghubung yang menghubungkan bagian kelompok kata atau unsur yang sama dalam sebuah kalimat, dan juga digunakan untuk menggabungkan satu kalimat dengan kalimat lainnya. Ada 7 kata penghubung dalam kelompok coordinate conjunctions : and (penambahan), but dan yet (menunjukkan adanya perbedaan), or atau nor (pilihan), for dan so (alasan) Coordinate conjunctions berfungsi menghubungkan : a. Dua kata benda sebagai subyek * The Indian and The Eskimos had lived for centuries b. Dua kata sifat sebagai pelengkap subyek * Psychology today is interesting and informative c. Dua obyek sebuah kata depan (preposition) * The Indian and The Eskimos had lived for centuries in Canada and The United States. d. Dua frasa kata depan (prepositional phrase) * The Indian and The Eskimos had lived for centuries in Canada and The United States e. Dua kata kerja (verbs) * Advertising provides and contributes most of the income for magazines, nrewspaper, radio and television in Indonesia today. Correlative Conjunctions adalah kata penghubung yang digunakan secara berpasangan, Kata penghubung ini dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua pola kalimat sederhana ataupun dua unsur kata yang setara. Either….or Neither….nor Both….and Not only….but also Correlative Conjunctions berfungsi menghubungkan ; a. Dua pola kalimat sederhana * Either he will send the proposal to him by email or I will submit it my self b. Dua kelompok kata dengan tingkatan yang setara * North Carolina is well known not only fro the Great Smoky Mountain National Park but also for the Cherokee Indian settlement Conjuncion Adverb Kata penghubung ini hanya digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat sederhana menjadi kalimat gabungan. Kata penghubung ini (conjuntive adverb) adalah bagian dari kalimat yang diawalinya. Conjunctive Adverbs yang utama adalah : a. Penghubung yang bermakna penambahan Moreover Besides b. Penghubung yang menunjukkan hasil Therefore Hence Accordingly Consequently Thus c. Penghubung yang menunjukkan waktu Meanwhile Then d. Penghubung yang menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan Yet However Contoh : * The Sun uses up over four million tons of hydrogen persecond, however, it still has enough hydrogen to last for the next five billion years. Transition Expression Kata penghubung ini terbentuk dari sebuah frasa kata depan (preposition) yang juga digunakan sebagai kata keterangan (adverb) di dalam sebuah kalimat. a. Penghubung yang menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan In fact On the contrary On the other hand b. Penghubung yang menunjukkan hasil As a result c. Penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan waktu In the meantime At the same time Contoh : * Venus is almost the same size as the earth, in the contrary its mountain ranges are much bigger. Subordinate Conjuctions adalah kata penghubung yang digunakan untuk menandai adanya klausa kata keterangan (adverbial clause), klausa kata sifat (adjective clause) dan klausa kata benda (noun clause). Pembahasan lebih lanjut tentang kelompok kata penghubung ini terdapat pada pembahasan tentang anak kalimat. ARTIKEL CONJUNTION Illegal and Illogical Story After having failed his exam in "Logistics and Organization", a student goes and confronts his lecturer about it. Student: "Sir, do you really understand anything about the subject?" Professor: "Surely I must. Otherwise I would not be a professor!" Student: "Great, well then I would like to ask you a question. If you can give me the correct answer, I will accept my mark as is and go. If you however do not know the answer, I want you give me an "A" for the exam. " Professor: "Okay, it's a deal. So what is the question?" Student: "What is legal, but not logical, logical, but not legal, and neither logical, nor legal?" Even after some long and hard consideration, the professor cannot give the student an answer, and therefore changes his exam mark into an "A", as agreed. Afterwards, the professor calls on his best student and asks him the same question. He immediately answers: "Sir, you are 63 years old and married to a 35 year old woman, which is legal, but not logical. Your wife has a 25 year old lover, which is logical, but not legal. The fact that you have given your wife's lover an "A", although he really should have failed, is neither legal, nor logical."
EXERCISE
Choose the best answer from the multiple choice
1.
Last week, our cat gave birth to a litter of kittens,
but we didn't know where______.
a.
is our cat d.
our cat were
b.
our cat was e.
was our cat
c.
our cat is
2.
My husband said __________ try to keep them all.
a.
that we shouldn’t d.
don’t we
b.
that shouldn’t we e.
we don’t
c.
we don’t shouldn’t
3.
He told us ________ sad and that it would be better for
everyone.
a.
don’t be d.
doesn’t be
b.
not be e.
wasn’t be
c.
not to be
4.
The kittens are so noisy that I can hardly hear what
________ .
a.
you saying d.
you are saying
b.
do you saying e.
are you saying
c.
was you said
5.
________ happened. All but two of the kittens were
adopted.
a.
what we wanted d.
which we want
b.
what we want e. what do we want
c.
which we wanted
Find out the noun clauses in the following
sentences and state what purpose they serve.
6. I
don’t know where he has gone.
7. He
asked whether the servant had polished his shoes.
8. The
news that he is alive has been confirmed.
9. The
belief that the soul is immortal is almost universal.
10. It
is certain that we will have to admit defeat.
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. Here
the noun clause ‘where he has gone’ is the object of the verb know.
7. Here
the noun clause ‘whether the servant had polished his shoes’ is the object of
the verb asked.
8. Here
the noun clause ‘that he is alive’ is in apposition to the noun news.
9. Here
the noun clause ‘that the soul is immortal’ is in apposition to the noun
belief.
10. Here the
noun clause ‘that we will have to admit defeat’ is in apposition to the pronoun
it.
Refernsi :
Label: bahasa inggris 2, SoftSkill Comments (0) @ 06.08 Nama: Raymond Nourmanda Kelas : 1ea21 (pengulangan)/3ea12 npm : 11209118 mata kuliah : bahasa inggris 2 (softskill)
Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti
noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini,
sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause.
Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan
di bawah ini:
Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu: 1. Statement (pernyataan) 2. Question (pertanyaan) 3. Request (permintaan) 4. Exclamation (seruan). Penjelasan: 1. Statement a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that" b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: 1) Subjek Kalimat • Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement) • That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause) 2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It" • It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia 3) Objek Pelengkap • My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia 4) Objek Kata Kerja • All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia 5) Apositif • My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct. 2. Question A. Yes/No Question a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)" b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: 1) Subjek Kalimat • Can she drive the car? (Question) • Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause) = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause) = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause) = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause) 2) Objek Pelengkap • My question is whether she can drive the car. 3) Objek Kata Kerja • I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not). 4) Objek Kata Depan • We discussed about whether she can drive the car. B. Wh- Question a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri" b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: 1) Subjek Kalimat • What is he doing? (Question) • What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause) 2) Objek Pelengkap • My question is what she is doing. 3) Objek Kata Kerja • I really wonder what she is doing. 4) Objek Kata Depan • We discussed about what she is doing. Catatan: Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal. 3. Request a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that" b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: 1) Objek Kata Kerja • Read the book! (Request) • He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause) Catatan: Tanda seru hilang. 4. Exclamation a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri" b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai: 1) Objek Kata Kerja • What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation) • I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause) 2) Objek Kata Depan • We are talking about what a pretty girl she is. Catatan Tambahan: • Noun Clause dengan "that" digunakan sebagai subjek dari suatu kalimat hanya dengan kata kerja tertentu. Dan kata kerja (verb) yang penting adalah linking verb, khususnya BE. • Noun Clause dengan "that" sering menjadi objek dari verb (kata kerja), beberapa verb berikut ini biasanya mempunyai subjek yang me�nunjukkan manusia. Kata-kata tersebut terutama sekali adalah verb yang digunakan dalam Indirect Speech Berta verb yang menyatakan kegiatan mental. Kata Kerja Kalimat Tak Langsung Admit, agree, allege, announce, argue, assert, assure, declare, aver, boast, claim, complain, confess, convince, deny, disagree, explain, foretell, hint, inform, insist, maintain, notify, persuade, pray, predict, proclaim, promise, relate, remark, remind, report, say, state, swear, teach, tell, threaten, warn Kata Kerja Aktivitas Mental Ascertain, assume, believe, calculate, care (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), conceive, conclude, consider, convince, decide, discover, doubt, dream, expect, fancy, feel, find out, forget, grant, guess, hear, hold (pendapat), hope, imagine, indicate, know, judge, learn, mean, mind (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), notice, perceive, presume, pretend, prove, question, realize, recall, reckon, recollect, reflect, regret, rejoice, remember, reveal, see, show, suppose, surmise, think, trust, understand, wish Contoh: 1. Alex thinks that Mary is ill. 2. Bob told me that he had finished breakfast. 3. Henry says that Jack is very busy. 4. He insists that there is a mistake. 5. He complained to his friend that his wife couldn't cook. • Dalam percakapan yang tidak resmi (informal) "that" sering dihilangkan dari objek Clause jika artinya (maksudnya) sudah jelas dapat dimengerti tanpa adanya "that". Contoh: 1. I am sorry (that) I couldn't meet you at the station. 2. He says (that) they plan to come to the dance. 3. We thought (that) you had already left for abroad. 4. The reason we returned so early is, (that) one of the children got sick. • Noun Clause dari question (pertanyaan) yang terletak sesudah verb yang memerlukan 2 objek mungkin berfungsi sebagai salah satu atau kedua objek dari verb tersebut. Contoh: 1. Give the man (Indirect Object) what is in this envelope (Direct Object) 2. Give what is in the envelope to the man. • Noun Clause dari pertanyaan mungkin diawali dengan kata-kata tanya yang berfungsi sebagai: Pronouns, Adjectives, atau Adverbs. Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah: Pronoun = who (ever), what (ever(, which. (ever), Adjective = whose, what (ever), which (ever), Adverb = how (ever), when (ever), where (ever), why. Contoh: 1. We don't know who will be coming from the employment agency. (who adalah subjek dari will be coming) 2. We don't know whom the employment agency will send. (whom adalah objek dari will send) 3. We will ask whoever comes from the employment agency. (whoever adalah subjek dari comes) 4. We will ask whomever the employment agency sends. (whomever adalah objek dari sends) • Dalam Noun Clause dari pertanyaan, subjek dan verb mempunyai susunan yang umum, yakni terletak sesudah introductory word. • Noun Clause dari permintaan dimulai dengan that- Clause ini paling sering merupakan objek dari verb yang menyatakan permintaan, saran, atau keinginan dan sebagainya. Contoh: 1. He is requesting that a company car be placed at his disposal. 2. The doctor recommended that he take a vacation. 3. It was suggested that she leave immediately. 4. It was proposed that the meeting be adjourned. • Kadang-kadang "that" yang merupakan kata permulaan Clause dapat digantikan dengan susunan infinitive setelah kata-kata kerja yang menunjukkan permintaan seperti advise, ask, beg, command, desire, forbid, order, request, require, argue. • Subjek dari that-Clause sering dalam bentuk passive dari verbs of requesting dengan susunan anticipatory it.
Noun
exercises
REFERENSI : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-170-noun-clause.html
http://octa-octavianthi.blogspot.com/2011/06/noun-clause.html http://bogieoogie.blogspot.com/2012/05/noun-clause.html Label: bahasa inggris 2, SoftSkill Comments (0) |
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